Societal Challenges to Mental Health

Impact of generative AI oN Science and Society

Fundamentals of living guidelines and their principles based on our international summits, published in Nature, can be found here, and our article on priorities for research and society using using AI here.

Selected Publications

Bockting, C. L., van Dis, E. A. M., van Rooij, R., Zuidema, W., & Bollen, J. (2023). Living guidelines for generative AI — why scientists must oversee its use. Nature, 622, 693-696. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-03266-1

van Dis, E. A. M., Bollen, J., Zuidema, W., van Rooij, R., & Bockting, C. L. (2023). ChatGPT: five priorities for research. Nature, 614(7947), 224–226. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-00288-7

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RELAPSE PREVENTION IN DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY

Preventive Cognitive Therapy (PCT)

Developed by Claudi Bockting, Preventive Cognitive Therapy is an exentensively researched method for relapse prevention in depression. Thoughout 8 sessions, clients and therapeut develop a tailor-made plan to overcome depression relapse. PCT is cost effective, can be used alongside or as an alternative to anti-depressants and has been shown to provide significant protection against relapse over a period of 2 to 20 years. PCT is selected for dissimination via the Ministry of Health and MIND.

For more information, see here or download our brochure.

ITFRA Consortium

ITFRA (International TaskForce for RelApse prevention of depression and anxiety) is a research taskforce aiming to improve our understanding of the prevention of relapse in depression, harmonize outcome and moderator measurement, and advocate for improved outcomes for people who have experienced depression. The current projects are largely focused on individual participant data meta-analysis and meta-analyses aiming to identify what works for whom and evaluate treatment approaches such as the role of psychological interventions and antidepressants in preventing relapse or recurrence. For more information, see ITFRA.org.

Ongoing Studies

STAYFINE-App: Relapse Prevention in Adolescents

More than one in five adolescents has to deal with anxiety or a depressive disorder before the age of 21. Even after recovery, the prevalence of relapse is especially high in this age group. To investigate whether it is possible to prevent relapse through ongoing monitoring and momentary app-based interventions, we are conducting a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of personalized combination of app-based interventions with the guidance of loved experience experts. This project is conducted with funding from ZonMw. For further information, see www.stayfine.nl.

MINDCOG: Understanding Mechanisms of Depression Prevention

MINDCOG is a randomized cross-over trial to investigate mechanisms of mindfulness and positive fantasizing (ingredient of PCT) as intervention techniques for reducing perseverative cognition (PC) in remitted depressed individuals. The current study aims to 1) test whether momentary psychological and psychophysiological indices of PC are differentially affected by positive fantasizing versus mindfulness-based interventions, 2) test whether the mechanisms of change by which fantasizing and mindfulness affect PC differ between remitted Major Depressive Disorder versus never-depressed individuals, and 3) explore potential moderators of the main effects of the two interventions (i.e., what works for whom). For more information (in Dutch), see MINDCOG.

HERSTEL: Innovative depression treatment for lasting recovery

Patients partially remitted from depression are at increased risk of relapse. In the HERSTEL-study (eng. RECOVERY), we aim to further reduce depressive symptoms and the risk of relapse using multilevel interventions. To attain this goal, we compare the efficacy of Preventive Cognitive Therapy combined with a serious computer game intervention that targets cognitive functioning to Preventive Cognitive Therapy alone. This project is conducted with funding from the Hersenstichting.

Selected Publications

Gülpen, J., Breedvelt, J. J.F., van Dis, E. A.M., Geurtsen, G. J., Warren, F. C., van Heeringen, C., Hitchcock, C., Holländare, F., Huijbers, M. J., Jarrett, R. B., Jermann, F., de Jonge, M., Klein, D. N., Klein, N. S., Ma, S.H., Moore, M. T., Denys, D. A.J.P., Williams, J.M. G., Kuyken, W., & Bockting, C. L. (2025). Psychological interventions for preventing relapse in individuals with partial remission of depression: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 55, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291725000157  

Besten, M. E., van Vugt, M., Riese, H., Bockting, C. L., Ostafin, B. D., Aleman, A., & van Tol, M.-J. (2024). Understanding mechanisms of depression prevention: Study protocol of a randomized cross-over trial to investigate mechanisms of mindfulness and positive fantasizing as intervention techniques for reducing perseverative cognition in remitted depressed individuals. BMC Psychiatry, 24(1), 141. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05592-8

Breedvelt, J. J. F., Karyotaki, E., Warren, F. C., Brouwer, M. E., Jermann, F., Hollandare, F., Klein, N., de Jonge, M., Klein, D. N., Farb, N., Segal, Z., Biesheuvel Leliefeld, K. E. M., Jarrett, R., Vittengl, J., Thase, M., Ma, H., Kuyken, W., Shallcross, A. J., van Heeringen, C., … Bockting, C. L. (2024). An individual participant data meta-analysis of psychological interventions for preventing depression relapse. Nature Mental Health, 2(2), 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-023-00178-x

Breedvelt, J., Warren, F. C., Segal, Z., Kuyken, W., & Bockting, C. L. (2021). Continuation of antidepressants vs sequential psychological interventions to prevent relapse in depression: An individual participant data meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(8), 868–875. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0823

Breedvelt, J. J. F., Warren, F. C., Brouwer, M. E., Karyotaki, E., Kuyken, W., Cuijpers, P., van Oppen, P., Gilbody., S. &  Bockting, C. L. (2020). Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of psychological relapse prevention interventions versus control for patients in remission from depression: A protocol. BMJ Open, 10(2), e034158. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034158

Breedvelt, J. J. F., Zamperoni, V., South, E., Uphoff, E. P., Gilbody, S., Bockting, C. L., Churchill, R., & Kousoulis, A. A. (2020). A systematic review of mental health measurement scales for evaluating the effects of mental health prevention interventions. European Journal of Public Health, 30(3), 510-516. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz233

Kooiman, B. E., Robberegt, S. J., Albers, C. J., Bockting, C. L., Stikkelbroek, Y. A., & Nauta, M. H. (2023). Congruency of multimodal data-driven personalization with shared decision-making for StayFine: individualized app-based relapse prevention for anxiety and depression in young people. Frontiers in psychiatry, 14, 1229713. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1229713

Robberegt, S. J., Brouwer, M. E., Kooiman, B. E., Stikkelbroek, Y. A., Nauta, M. H., & Bockting, C. L. (2023). Meta-analysis: Relapse prevention strategies for depression and anxiety in remitted adolescents and young adults. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 62(3), 306-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2022.04.014

Robberegt, S. J., Kooiman, B. E. A. M., Albers, C. J., Nauta, M. H., Bockting, C. L., & Stikkelbroek, Y. (2023). Personalised app-based relapse prevention of depressive and anxiety disorders in remitted adolescents and young adults: a protocol of the StayFine RCT. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058560. https://doi.org10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058560

Teijema, J. J., Hofstee, L., Brouwer, M., de Bruin, J., Ferdinands, G., de Boer, J., Vizan, P., van den Brand, S., Bockting, C. L., van de Schoot, R., & Bagheri, A. (2023). Active learning-based systematic reviewing using switching classification models: The case of the onset, maintenance, and relapse of depressive disorders. Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, 8, 1178181. https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2023.1178181

van Kleef, R., Kaushik, P., Besten, M., Marsman, J., Bockting,  C. L., van Vugt, M., Aleman, A., van Tol, M. (2023). Understanding and predicting future relapse in depression from resting state functional connectivity and self-referential processing. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 165, 305-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.034

Heuschen, C. B., Mocking, R. J., Zantvoord, J. B., Figueroa, C. A., Schene, A. H., Denys, D. A., Ruhé, H. G., Bockting, C. L., & Lok, A. (2022). Suicidal ideation in remitted major depressive disorder predicts recurrence. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 151, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.005

Breedvelt, J., Brouwer, M. E., Harrer, M., Semkovska, M., Ebert, D. D., Cuijpers, P., & Bockting, C. L. (2021). Psychological interventions as an alternative and add-on to antidepressant medication to prevent depressive relapse: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry :The Journal of Mental Science, 219(4), 538–545. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.198

Van Tol, M. J., Eike, R., Van Kleef, R., Marsman, J. B., Van Valen, E., Aleman, A., & Bockting, C. L. (2020). P.348 Understanding neurocognitive working mechanisms of relapse prevention – the role of emotion regulation in remitted major depressive disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 40, S202-S203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.09.264

Brouwer, M. E., Williams, A. D., Forand, N. R., DeRubeis, R. J., & Bockting, C. L. (2019). Dysfunctional attitudes or extreme response style as predictors of depressive relapse and recurrence after mobile cognitive therapy for recurrent depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 243, 48-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.002

Brouwer, M. E., Williams, A. D., Kennis, M., Fu, Z., Klein, N. S., Cuijpers, P., & Bockting, C. L. (2019). Psychological theories of depressive relapse and recurrence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 74, 101773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101773

Elgersma, H. J., Koster, E. H. W., Vugteveen, J., Hoekzema, A., Penninx, B., Bockting, C. L., & de Jong, P. J. (2019). Predictive value of attentional bias for the recurrence of depression: A 4-year prospective study in remitted depressed individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 114, 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.01.001

van Kleef, R. S., Bockting, C. L., van Valen, E., Aleman, A., Marsman, J. C., & van Tol, M. J. (2019). Neurocognitive working mechanisms of the prevention of relapse in remitted recurrent depression (NEWPRIDE): Protocol of a randomized controlled neuroimaging trial of preventive cognitive therapy. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 409. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2384-0

Biesheuvel-Leliefeld, K. E. M., Bosmans, J. E., Dijkstra-Kersten, S. M. A., Smit, F., Bockting, C. L., van Schaik, D. J. F., van Marwijk, H., & van der Horst, H. E. (2018). A supported self-help for recurrent depression in primary care; An economic evaluation alongside a multi-center randomised controlled trial. PLOS One, 13(12), e0208570. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208570

Crist, C., de Jonge, M., Bockting, C. L.,Kikkert, M. J., van Schaik, D. J. F., Beekman, A. T. F., & Dekker, J. J. M. (2018). Prevalence and predictors of violent victimization in remitted patients with recurrent depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 238, 405-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.019

De Jonge, M., Bockting, C. L., van Oppen, P., Van, H. L., Peen, J., Kikkert, M. J., & Dekker, J. J. M. (2018). The association between the number of previous episodes and modifiable vulnerability factors in remitted patients with recurrent depression. PLOS One, 13(11), e0206495. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206495

Klein, N. S., Kok, G. D., Burger, H., van Valen, E., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Dekker, J., Smit, F., van der Heiden, C., & Bockting, C. L. (2018). No sustainable effects of an internet-based relapse prevention program over 24 months in recurrent depression: Primary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 87(1), 55-57. https://doi.org/10.1159/000485039

Slofstra, C., Nauta, M. H., Bringmann, L. F., Klein, N. S., Albers, C. J., Batalas, N., Wicher, M., & Bockting, C. L. (2018). Individual negative affective trajectories can be detected during different depressive relapse prevention strategies. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 87(4), 243-245. https://doi.org/10.1159/000489044

van Tuijl, L. A., Glashouwer, K. A., Elgersma, H. J., Bockting, C. L., Penninx, B., & de Jong, P. J. (2018). Depression recurrence after recovery: Prognostic value of implicit and explicit self-depressed associations. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 107, 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2018.06.001

Biesheuvel-Leliefeld. K. E. M., Dijkstra-Kersten, S.M.A. , van Schaik, D.J.F., van Marwijk, H. W. J., Smit, F., van der Horst, H.E., Bockting, C. L. (2017). Effectiveness of supported self-help in recurrent depression: a randomised controlled trial in primary care. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 86(4), 220-230, https://doi.org/10.1159/000472260

Mocking, R. J. T., Figueroa, C. A., Rive, M. M., Geugies, H., Servaas, M. N., Assies, J., Koeter, M. W. J., Vaz, F. M., Wichers, M., van Straalen, J. P., de Raedt, R., Bockting, C. L.,Harmer, C. J., Schene, A. H., & Ruhé, H. G. (2016). Vulnerability for new episodes in recurrent major depressive disorder: protocol for the longitudinal DELTA neuroimaging cohort study. BMJ Open, 6, e009510. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015009510

Biesheuvel-Leliefeld, K. E. M., Kok, G. D., Bockting, C. L.,Cuijpers, P., Hollon, S. D., van Marwijk, H. W. J., & Smit, F. (2015). Effectiveness of psychological interventions in preventing recurrence of depressive disorder: Meta-analysis and meta-regression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 174, 400-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.016

Bockting, C. L., Hollon, S. D., Kuyken, W., Jarrett. R., & Dobson, K. S. (2015). A lifetime approach to Major Depressive Disorder: The contributions of psychological interventions in preventing relapse and recurrence. Clinical Psychology Review, 41, 16-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.003

Elgersma, H. J., de Jong, P. J., van Rijsbergen, G. D., Kok, G. D., Burger, H., van der Does, W., Penninx, B. W., & Bockting, C. L. (2015). Cognitive reactivity, self-depressed associations, and the recurrence of depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 183, 300-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.018

Figueroa, C. A., Ruhé, H. G., Koeter, M., Spinhoven, P., van der Does, W., Bockting, C. L.,& Schene, A. H. (2015). Cognitive reactivity versus dysfunctional cognitions and the prediction of relapse in recurrent major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 76, e1306– e1312. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14m09268

Bockting, C. L. (2010). Breaking the rhythm of depression: Cognitive behavior therapy and relapse prevention for depression. Psychological Topics, 19, 273-287.

Ten Doesschate, M. C, Koeter, M., Bockting, C. L., & Schene, A. H. (2009). Health related quality of life in recurrent depression: A comparison with a general population sample. Journal of Affective Disorders 120, 126-32. https://doi.org.10.1016/j.jad.2009.04.026

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MULTIMODAL INTERVENTIONS, PERSONALIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY-BASED INTERVENTIONS

Blended: E-health intervention for general practicians

The use of anti-depressant medication is common among general practicians (GP), despite patient’s preference for therapeudic psychological treatment. However treatment is not always an option due to time constraints and lack of accessibility. A solution to these issues is Bledend, an innovative approach that combines guided online treatment with face-to-face GP support. This project was conducted with funding from ZonMw.

Guided Act & Feel: Internet-based behavioral activation intervention for depression

Guided Act & Feel is a behavioral-activation intervention delivered via an attractive website that provides thosestruggling with their mental health with step-by-step instructions and structural weekly assignement to combat depression. This method can be performed by lay councelors that have been trained to deliver the intervention. The aim of Act & Feel is to bring psychological help to places where access is limited due to a low number of mental halth care professionals available.

REPAIR Study

Rebuilding Parent young Adult Interpersonal Relationships (REPAIR) is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the cost-effectiveness of family therapy (attachment based family therapy) to target in adolescents and young adults in in Belgium and The Netherlands. This project is conducted with funding from Benefit (ZonMw and KCE). For more information, see repairstudy.com. 

113.nl

In this project we conduct a randomized controlled trial comparing online CBT to online psycho-education that targets suicidality for individuals that seek help at 113.nl. In collaboration with 113 Zelfmoordpreventie (113.nl).

Virtual Reality

A new treatment has been developed for depression using Virtual Reality interventions to target anhedonia and behavioral activation in depression together with dr. Martine van Bennekom (GGZ Delfland; ggz-delfland.nl). A proof of concept study is ongoing, with a randomized momentary assessment design. For further information, see VRMentalHealth.nl.

Another related study concerns a micro momentary assessment randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of Virtual Reality for psycho-education on self-stigma in depression (with GGZ Delfland). For an interview with PhD student Nancy Kramer on these projects, see kenniscentrum-kjp.nl.

Intervention Chatbot

Sustainable Technology for Adolescents and youth to Reduce Stress (STARS) is a WHO chatbot-intervention using an guided, interactive conversational agent to deliver self-help.

Social Connection: Computer Modeling of Quality of Social Connections in Urban Mental Health Interventions

We will collect empirical data on social connection in ca. 750 participants in ongoing group interventions at Arkin, and use computational analysis to identify and predict quality social connections and decreases in loneliness among patients with depressive symptoms. Then, we will design a social connection intervention where we match people on a personal level, based on the computational analysis. We will test the intervention in a pilot study. The pilot data will be used to calibrate, validate and test the computational model. Finally, we hope this novel approach will lead to new best practices for social multilevel interventions in urban populations.

This project started in September 2024 at the dept of psychiatry of Amsterdam UMC, and is funded by the Urban Mental Health Centre. Collaborators are FNWI faculty of the UvA and Arkin Voordeur (SHIFT LEFT Innovation Lab Mental Health)

Selected Publications

Kramer Freher, N., van Bennekom, Bexkens, A., Veling, W., & Bockting, C. L. (2025). Virtual Reality in the treatment of depression; what therapeutic strategies does VR target? Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 20, 100912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100912  

de Jonge, M., Blankers, M., Bockting, C. L., van Dijk, M. K., Kikkert, M. J., & Dekker, J. J. M. (2024). Economic evaluation of preventive cognitive therapy versus care as usual in cognitive behavioral therapy responders. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1134071.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1134071

Gülpen, J., Brouwer, M. E., Geurtsen, G. J., van Dis, E. A. M., Denys, D. A. J. P., & Bockting, C. L. (2023). Treatments for partial remission of major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Mental Health, 26(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2023-300827

Legemaat, A. M., Burger, H., Geurtsen, G. J., Brouwer, M., Spinhoven, P., Denys, D., Bockting, C. L. (2023). Effects up to 20-year follow-up of Preventive Cognitive Therapy in adults remitted from recurrent depression: the DELTA study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 92(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1159/000527906

Bockting, C. L., Legemaat, A. M., van der Stappen, J., Geurtsen, G. J., Semkovska, M., Burger, H., Bergfeld, I. O., Lous, N., Denys, D., & Brouwer, M. (2022). Augmenting neurocognitive remediation therapy to Preventive Cognitive Therapy for partially remitted depressed patients: protocol of a pragmatic multicentre randomized controlled trial. BMJ open, 12(6), e063407. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063407

Bockting, C. L., & Rief, W. (2022). Ambassadors of clinical psychology and psychological treatment. Clinical Psychology in Europe, 4(1), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.8545

Breedvelt, J., Brouwer, M. E., Harrer, M., Semkovska, M., Ebert, D. D., Cuijpers, P., & Bockting, C. L. (2021). Psychological interventions as an alternative and add-on to antidepressant medication to prevent depressive relapse: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry :The Journal of Mental Science, 219(4), 538–545. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.198

Breedvelt, J., Warren, F. C., Segal, Z., Kuyken, W., & Bockting, C. L. (2021). Continuation of antidepressants vs sequential psychological interventions to prevent relapse in depression: An individual participant data meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(8), 868–875. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0823

Breedvelt, J. J. F., Warren, F. C., Brouwer, M. E., Karyotaki, E., Kuyken, W., Cuijpers, P., van Oppen, P., Gilbody., S. &  Bockting, C. L. (2020). Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of psychological relapse prevention interventions versus control for patients in remission from depression: A protocol. BMJ Open, 10(2), e034158. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034158

Breedvelt, J. J. F., Zamperoni, V., South, E., Uphoff, E. P., Gilbody, S., Bockting, C. L., Churchill, R., & Kousoulis, A. A. (2020). A systematic review of mental health measurement scales for evaluating the effects of mental health prevention interventions. European Journal of Public Health, 30(3), 510-516. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz233

Brouwer, M. E., Molenaar, N. M., Burger, H., Williams, A. D., Albers, C., Lambregtse-van den Berg, M., & Bockting, C. L. (2020). Tapering antidepressants while receiving digital Preventive Cognitive Therapy during pregnancy: An experience sampling methodology trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.574357

Molenaar, N. M., Brouwer, M. E., Burger, H.,

Kamperman, A. M., Bergink, V., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., Williams, A., Bockting, C. L., & Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P. (2020). Preventive cognitive therapy with antidepressant discontinuation during pregnancy: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 81(4). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.19l13099

de Jonge, M., Bockting, C. L., Kikkert, M. J., van Dijk, M. K., van Schaik, D. J. F., Peen, J., Hollon, S., & Dekker, J. J. M. (2019). Preventive cognitive therapy versus care as usual in cognitive behavioral therapy responders: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 87(6), 521-529. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000395

Klein, N. S., Wijnen, B. F. M., Lokkerbol, J., Buskens, E., Elgersma, H. J., van Rijsbergen, G. D., Slofstra, C., Ormel, J., Dekker, J., de Jong, P., & Bockting, C. L. (2019). Cost-effectiveness, cost-utility and the budget impact of antidepressants versus preventive cognitive therapy with or without tapering of antidepressants. BJPsych Open, 5(1), e12. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.81

van Dis, E. A. M., van Veen, S. C., Hagenaars, M. A., Batelaan, N. M., Bockting, C. L., van den Heuvel, R. M., Cuijpers, P., Engelhard, I. M. (2019). Long-term outcomes of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety-related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(3), 265-273. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3986

Arjadi, R., Nauta, M. H., Suryani, A. O., & Bockting, C. L. (2018). Guided act and feel Indonesia – Internet-based behavioral activation intervention for depression in Indonesia: A systematic cultural adaptation. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 22(1), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.7454/hubs.asia.2050418

Arjadi, R., Arjadi, R., Nauta, M.H., Scholte, W.F., Hollon, S.D., Chowdhary, N., Suryani, A.O., Bockting, C. L. (2016). Guided Act and Feel Indonesia (GAF-ID) – Internet-based behavioral activation intervention for depression in Indonesia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 17(1), 455. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1577-9

Bockting, C. L., Klein, N. S., Elgersma, H. J., van Rijsbergen, G. D., Slofstra, C., Ormel, J., Buskens, E., Dekker, J., de Jong, P. J., Nolen, W. A., Schene, A. H., Hollon, S. D., Burger, H. (2018). The effectiveness of preventive cognitive therapy while tapering antidepressants compared with maintenance antidepressant treatment and their combination in the prevention of depressive relapse or recurrence (DRD study): A three-arm randomised controlled trial. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(5), 401-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30100-7

Spinhoven, P., Klein, N., Kennis, M., Cramer, A. O. J., Siegle, G., Cuijpers, P., Ormel, J., Hollon, S., & Bockting, C. L. (2018). The effects of cognitive-behavior therapy for depression on repetitive negative thinking: A meta-analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 106, 71-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2018.04.002

Bennebroek Evertsz’, F., Sprangers, M. A. G., Sitnikova, K., Stokkers, P. C. F., Ponsioen, C. Y., Bartelsman, J. F. W. M., van Bodegraven, A. A., Fischer, S., Depla, A. C. T. M., Mallant, R. C., Sanderman, R., Burger, H., & Bockting, C. L. (2017). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on quality of life, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting  and Clinical Psychology. 85(9), 918-925. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000227

Massoudi, B., Blanker, M.H., Van Valen, E., Wouters, H., Bockting, C. L., Burger, H. (2017). Blended care vs. usual care in the treatment of Depressive symptoms and disorders IN General practice [BLENDING]: study protocol of a non-inferiority randomized trial. BMC Psychiatry, 17, 218. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1376-1

Molenaar, N. M., Brouwer, M. E., Bockting, C. L.,Bonsel, G. J., van der Veere, C. N., Torij, H.  W., Hoogendijk, W. J., Duvekot, J. J., Burger, H. & Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P. (2016). Stop or go? Preventive cognitive therapy with guided tapering of antidepressants during pregnancy: study protocol of a pragmatic multicentre noninferiority randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888016-0752-6

Bockting, C. L.,Smid, N. H., Koeter, M. W., Spinhoven, P., Beck, A. T., & Schene, A. H. (2015). Enduring effects of Preventive Cognitive Therapy in adults remitted from recurrent depression: A 10 year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 185, 188–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.048

Burger, H., Bockting, C. L.,Beijers, C., Verbeek, T., Stant, A. D., Ormel, J., Stolk, R. P., de Jonge, P., De Jonge, M., Bockting, C. L.,Kikkert, M. J., Bosmans, J. E., & Dekker, J. J. (2015). Preventive Cognitive Therapy versus Treatment as Usual in preventing recurrence of depression: Protocol of a multi-centered randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 15(1), 1.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0508-8

Bockting, C. L.,Spinhoven, P., Wouters, L. F., Koeter, M. W. J, Schene, A. H., & the DELTA study group (2009). Long term effects of preventive cognitive therapy in recurrent depression: A 5.5 years follow-up. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70, 1621-1628.https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.08m04784

Ten Doesschate, M. C., Bockting, C. L.,& Schene, A. H. (2009). Adherence to continuation and maintenance antidepressant use in recurrent depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 115, 167-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.07.011

Ten Doesschate, M. C, Bockting, C. L.,Koeter, M. W. J., & Schene, A. H. (2009). Predictors of non-adherence to continuation and maintenance antidepressant treatment in recurrent depression. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70, 63-69. https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.08m04119

Bockting, C. L.,Spinhoven, Ph., Koeter, M. W. J., Wouters, L. F., Schene, A. H., & the DELTA study group. (2006). Prediction of recurrence in recurrent depression and the influence of consecutive episodes on vulnerability: A 2-year prospective study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 747-755. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v67n0508

Bockting, C. L.,Spinhoven, P., Koeter, M. W. J., Wouters, L. F., Visser, I., Schene, A. H., & the  DELTA study group. (2006). Differential predictors of response to preventive cognitive therapy in recurrent depression: A 2-year prospective study.

Bockting, C. L.,Schene, A. H., Spinhoven, P., Koeter, M. W. J., Wouters, L. F., Huyser, J., & Kamphuis, J. H. (2005). Preventing relapse/recurrence in recurrent depression using cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 647-657. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.4.647

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COMPLEX SYSTEMS AND COMMON MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS

Centre for Urban Mental Health

For complexity projects with the Centre for Urban Mental Health, see the UMH website. For all complexity projects with the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), see ias.uva.nl.

Selected Publications

Wiers, R. W., El Marroun, H., Bockting, C. L., & Krugers, H. (pre-print). Debate: Urban versus rural environments – which is better for mental health? The one good thing about a small town…. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. https://doi/10.1111/camh.12771   

Scheffer, M., Bockting, C. L., Borsboom, D., Cools, R., Delecroix, C., Hartmann, J. A., Kendler, K. S., van de Leemput, I., van der Maas, H. L. J., van Nes, E., Mattson, M., McGorry, P. D., & Nelson, B. (2024). A dynamical systems view of psychiatric disorders—Practical implications: A review. JAMA Psychiatry, 81(6):624-630. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0228

Scheffer, M., Bockting, C. L., Borsboom, D., Cools, R., Delecroix, C., Hartmann, J. A., Kendler, K. S., van de Leemput, I., van der Maas, H. L. J., van Nes, E., Mattson, M., McGorry, P. D., & Nelson, B. (2024). A dynamical systems view of psychiatric disorders—Theory: A review. JAMA Psychiatry., 81(6):618-623 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0215

Franzoi, D., Bockting, C. L., Bennett, K. F., Odom, A., Lucassen, P. J., Pathania, A., Lee, A., Brouwer, M. E., van de Schoot, R., Wiers, R. W., & Breedvelt, J. J. F. (2024). Which individual, social, and urban factors in early childhood predict psychopathology in later childhood, adolescence and young adulthood? A systematic review. SSM – Population Health, 25, 101575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101575

van der Wal, J. M., van Borkulo, C. D., Haslbeck, J. M. B., Slofstra, C., Klein, N. S., Blanken, T. F., Deserno, M. K., Lok, A., Nauta, M. H., & Bockting, C. L. (2023). Differential impact of preventive cognitive therapy while tapering antidepressants versus maintenance antidepressant treatment on affect fluctuations and individual affect networks and impact on relapse: A secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. eClinicalMedicine, 66, 102329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102329

Bringmann, L. F., Albers, C., Bockting, C. L., Borsboom, D., Ceulemans, E., Cramer, A., Epskamp, S., Eronen, M. I., Hamaker, E., Kuppens, P., Lutz, W., McNally, R. J., Molenaar, P., Tio, P., Voelkle, M. C., & Wichers, M. (2022). Psychopathological networks: Theory, methods and practice. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 149, 104011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.104011

van der Wal, J. M., van Borkulo, C. D., Deserno, M. K., Breedvelt, J. J. F., Lees, M., Lokman, J. C., Borsboom, D., Denys, D., van Holst, R. J., Smidt, M. P., Stronks, K., Lucassen, P. J., van Weert, J. C. M., Sloot, P. M. A., Bockting, C. L., & Wiers, R. W. (2021). Advancing urban mental health research: from complexity science to actionable targets for intervention. Lancet Psychiatry, 8(11), 991–1000. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00047-x

Brouwer, M. E., Molenaar, N. M., Burger, H., Williams, A. D., Albers, C., Lambregtse-van den Berg, M., & Bockting, C. L. (2020). Tapering antidepressants while receiving digital Preventive Cognitive Therapy during pregnancy: An experience sampling methodology trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 574357. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.574357

Holmes, E. A., Ghaderi, A., Harmer, C. J., Ramchandani, P. G., Cuijpers, P., Morrison, A. P., Roiser, J. P., Bockting, C. L., O’Connor, R. C., Shafran, R., Moulds, M. L., & Craske, M. G. (2018). The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on psychological treatments research in tomorrow’s science. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 5(3), 237–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30513-8

De Beurs, D., Bockting, C. L., Kerkhof, A., Scheepers, F., O’Connor, R., Penninx, B., & van de Leemput, I. (2020). A network perspective on suicidal behavior: Understanding suicidality as a complex system. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 0, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12676

Siegle, G. J., Cramer, A. O. J., van Eck, N. J., Spinhoven, P., Hollon, S. D., Ormel, J., . . . Bockting, C. L. (2019). Where are the breaks in translation from theory to clinical practice (and back) in addressing depression? An empirical graph-theoretic approach. Psychological Medicine, 49(16), 2681-2691. https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329171800363x

Hayes, A. M., Yasinski, C., Ben Barnes, J., & Bockting, C. L. (2015). Network destabilization and transition in depression: New methods for studying the dynamics of therapeutic change. Clinical Psychology Review, 41, 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.007

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Institutional Responsibilities

Centre for Urban Mental Health (University of Amsterdam)

Together with professor Reinout Wiers, Claudi is the director of the Centre for Urban Mental Health (UMH), part of the University of Amsterdam. The centre aims to unravel new pathways to improve urban mental health that takes into account the complexities and dynamics of mental health problems and mental health disorders in an urban environment.

To read more about the Centre for Urban Mental Health, visit the UMH-website >>

European Association of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment

To promote innovation in the field of clinical psychology and innovate interventions and to represent clinical psychology in Europe on a policy level, She has lead the European Association of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment (EACLIPT) as a president between 2019 and 2024. EACLIPT aims to foster research, education, and dissemination of scientifically evaluated findings on mental disorders and their treatment. Our efforts resulted in representation of the EACLIPT in the European Parliament in the last years.

To read more about the European Association for Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment, visit the EACLIPT-website >>

Centre of Excellence in Mental Health Sciences (CEMHS): Unravelling New Pathways to Improve Mental Health.

The purpose and objective of the interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence in Mental Health Sciences (CEMHS) is to unravel new pathways to improve mental health with interventions and policy-making, that take into account the complexity and dynamics of mental health problems and conditions in their environment. For further information, see cemhs.org.

Policy and Advice

On a national policy level, Claudi is an advisor of the advisory board of the Dutch government (kennisring Raad voor Samenleving) and previously a supervisory board member of a mental health institute (Arkin, Amsterdam). Further, she is a member of the multi-disciplinary clinical guideline committee Depression for more than a decade.

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Ongoing PhD’s

Primary Supervisor

• Theogene Uwizeyimana (2024-2028). Adopting Act & Feel intervention for maternal depression and the impact on the offspring outcomes in Rwanda. Primary supervisor. 
• Agnes Ayuningtias (2024 – 2028). Multi-level intervention for common mental health condition in low and middle income countries: Targeting social connection with help of digital technology.
• Luana Gavan (2023 – 2027). Targeting suicidality in young adults: a randomized controlled, pragmatic, multicenter trial evaluating the (cost)-effectiveness of Attachment Based Family Therapy compared to Treatment as usual.
• Nineke Wilts (2023 – 2027). StayFine: A personalized monitoring and intervention app to prevent relapse of anxiety and depressive disorders in youth and young adults.
• Wilco Janssen (2023 – 2027). Effectiveness of online therapy in suicide prevention (preliminary title).
• Joost Gülpen (2022 – 2026). Targeting partial remission in depression by adding a cognitive remediation to a psychological intervention.
• Nancy Schipper (2020 – 2025). Virtual reality as treatment for depression. Primary supervisor.
• Junus van der Wal (2020 – 2025). Unravelling the dynamics of depression in high-risk urban populations using a complex systems approach. 
• Suzanne Robberegt (2018 – 2025). StayFine: A personalized monitoring and intervention app to prevent relapse of anxiety and depressive disorders in youth and young adults.

Secondary Supervisor

• Nele Bergers (2022 – 2026). Targeting suicidality in young adults: a randomized controlled, pragmatic, multicenter trial evaluating the (cost)-effectiveness of Attachment Based Family Therapy compared to Treatment as usual.
• Anneke Vuuregge (2022 – 2026). Working out urban stress.
• Vera Korenblik (2022 – 2026). The influence of the microbiome on depression in urban youth.
• Bas Kooiman (2019 – 2025). StayFine: A personalized monitoring and intervention app to prevent relapse of anxiety and depressive disorders in youth and young adults. 
• Jessy Bergamin (2019 – 2025). Psychiatry and autonomy. 
• Caroline Heuschen (2019 – 2025). Suicidality in mental health disorders. 

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Clinical psychologist

Claudi is a registered clinical psychologist, CBT supervisor, psychotherapist, healthcare psychologist, and the head of training of healthcare psychologists at Cure & Care Development.